前言
在這篇文章中，我們將使用Spring搭配Hibernate來建構Web站台，以DAO(Data Access Object;資料存取物件)的方式透過Hibernate存取資料庫的數据。使用的工具＆技術：
1.JDK1.7.0_04
2.Hibernate 3.2.3.GA
3.JBoss Hibernate Tools
4.Spring3.0.7
5.MySQL 5.5
6.Eclipse Java EE KEPLER
創建一個MySpringHiber的Web專案
這個小節中，我們需要根據圖1.中的的目錄資料結構，來分別建立本專案中各個重要的程式檔案。並且會逐步說明每支程式的關鍵內容明細的組成部份。
圖1.MySpringHiber專案結構
第一步，下載
Spring 3.0.7與
Hibernate 3.2.3ga版本的相關jar檔。
Spring部份的主要jar
com.springsource.org.aopalliance-1.0.0.jar
org.springframework.aop-3.0.7.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.asm-3.0.7.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.aspects-3.0.7.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.beans-3.0.7.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.context.support-3.0.7.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.context-3.0.7.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.core-3.0.7.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.expression-3.0.7.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.jdbc-3.0.7.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.orm-3.0.7.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.oxm-3.0.7.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.transaction-3.0.7.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.web.servlet-3.0.7.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.web-3.0.7.RELEASE.jar
Hibernate部份的主要jar
antlr-2.7.6.jar
cglib-2.1.3.jar
dom4j-1.6.1.jar
hibernate3.jar
javassist.jar
jta.jar
其他必要的jar
mysql-connector-java-5.0.5-bin.jar
commons-logging-1.1.1.jar
commons-collections-2.1.1.jar
commons-dbcp.jar
commons-pool.jar
slf4j-api-1.7.5.jar
slf4j-jdk14-1.7.5.jar
log4j-1.2.11.jar
第二步，建立applicationContext.xml的spring的設定檔。注意代碼內的注解說明文字，主要設定內容的重點 ，可以分為dataSource(數据來源), sessionFactory, TransactionManager, Spring Bean的元件自動搜尋注入。
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd"
default-autowire="byName" default-lazy-init="false">
<!-- 數据來源定義 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="mysql"/>
</bean>
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<property name="mappingLocations" value="classpath*:com/yourcompany/msh/domain/*.hbm.xml"/>
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<!--常用資料庫方言 MySQL5Dialect -->
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.query.substitutions">true 1, false 0</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.default_batch_fetch_size">4</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.connection.zeroDateTimeBehavior">convertToNull</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!--Hibernate TransactionManager-->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
<!-- 以 @Transactional 標注来定義交易事務 -->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" proxy-target-class="true"/>
<!-- component-scan自動搜索@Component , @Controller , @Service , @Repository等標注的類別 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.**.dao" />
<context:component-scan base-package="com.**.service" />
</beans>
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第三步，修正Web.xml的檔案內容。設置Spring ApplicationContext配置文件的路徑,此參數用於後面的Spring-Context loader，然後建立一支TestSpring的Servlet程式用來測試整個專案的正常配接態狀。
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<!-- Spring ApplicationContext配置文件的路徑,此參數用於後面的Spring-Context loader -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath*:spring/*.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!--Spring ApplicationContext 載入 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>TestSpring</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.yourcompany.msh.test.TestSpring</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>TestSpring</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/TestSpring</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
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第四步，調整UserInfoHome的程式內容，讓它繼承HibernateDaoSupport類別。
而後移除以下的程式碼：
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private final SessionFactory sessionFactory = getSessionFactory();
protected SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
try {
return HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("Could not build SessionFactory", e);
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Could not build SessionFactory");
}
}
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再把sessionFactory變數全部由getSessionFactory()方法取代：
Before
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sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().persist(transientInstance);
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After
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getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession().persist(transientInstance);
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第五步，重新改寫UserInfoManager的代碼。
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package com.yourcompany.msh.service;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import com.yourcompany.msh.dao.UserInfoHome;
import com.yourcompany.msh.domain.UserInfo;
@Service
@Transactional
public class UserInfoManager {
private UserInfoHome userInfoHome;
public void setUserInfoHome(UserInfoHome userInfoHome) {
this.userInfoHome = userInfoHome;
}
/**
* 查詢
*/
public UserInfo query(Integer pk) {
return (UserInfo)userInfoHome.findById(pk);
}
/**
* 新增
*/
public void add(UserInfo user) {
userInfoHome.persist(user);
}
/**
* 修改
*/
public void update(UserInfo user) {
userInfoHome.merge(user);
}
/**
* 刪除
*/
public void delete(UserInfo user) {
userInfoHome.delete(user);
}
}
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第六步，寫一支TestSpring來測試Spring結合Hibernate操作資料表。
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package com.yourcompany.msh.test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.SpringBeanAutowiringSupport;
import com.yourcompany.msh.domain.UserInfo;
import com.yourcompany.msh.service.UserInfoManager;
public class TestSpring extends HttpServlet {
@Autowired
private UserInfoManager userInfoManager;
/**
* Constructor of the object.
*/
public TestSpring() {
super();
}
/**
* Initialization of the servlet. <br>
*
* @throws ServletException if an error occurs
*/
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
SpringBeanAutowiringSupport.processInjectionBasedOnServletContext(this,config.getServletContext());
}
/**
* Destruction of the servlet. <br>
*/
public void destroy() {
super.destroy(); // Just puts "destroy" string in log
// Put your code here
}
/**
* The doGet method of the servlet. <br>
*
* This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to get.
*
* @param request the request send by the client to the server
* @param response the response send by the server to the client
* @throws ServletException if an error occurred
* @throws IOException if an error occurred
*/
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doit(request,response);
}
/**
* The doPost method of the servlet. <br>
*
* This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to post.
*
* @param request the request send by the client to the server
* @param response the response send by the server to the client
* @throws ServletException if an error occurred
* @throws IOException if an error occurred
*/
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doit(request,response);
}
public void doit(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.println("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">");
out.println("<HTML>");
out.println(" <HEAD><TITLE>A Servlet For Spring</TITLE></HEAD>");
out.println(" <BODY>");
UserInfo user = null;
// 查詢
user = userInfoManager.query(new Integer(1));
out.println("查詢一筆記Username: "+user.getUsername());
// 新增
/*user = new UserInfo("Linda", "da67890", new Date(), new Integer(0), new Integer(32));
userInfoManager.add(user);
out.println("新增一筆記"+user.getUsername()+"成功");*/
// 修改
/*user = userInfoManager.query(new Integer(2));
user.setUsername("Marry");
user.setSex(new Integer(0)); //更新為女性
user.setAge(new Integer(37)); //更新為37歲
out.println("修改一筆記"+user.getUsername()+"成功");*/
// 刪除
/*user = userInfoManager.query(new Integer(2));
out.println("刪除一筆記"+user.getUsername()+"成功");*/
out.println(" </BODY>");
out.println("</HTML>");
out.flush();
out.close();
}
}
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總結
想要建立一個Spring結合Hibernate的Web專案，需要先具備這兩個框架的基礎知識，
這樣才能讓我們更精確有效的建製整個案子的基礎架構。
(
下載本文範例程式檔)
記得下載相關jar檔
